Sara's human-in-the-loop architecture ensures discovery of logic flaws, chained exploits and nuanced vulnerabilities, bridging the gap between automated detection and human intuition.

Mechatronics hardware design and architecture represents a confluence of mechanical, electronic, and computational disciplines aimed at creating integrated, reliable and intelligent systems.

Researchers propose a real-time fault injection framework based on a hardware-in-the-loop (HiL) simulation platform and a real-time electronic control unit (ECU) prototype.

Based on digital twins and plant models simulating in real-time, hardware-in-the-loop testing ensures ECUs perform flawlessly under real-world conditions.