Strategies of body transformation and the construction of social identity were already part of the human experience in Europe more than twelve thousand years ago” a researcher said.

Exploring photographer David Vintiner's fascination with body modifications carried out by proponents of transhumanism.

While Michel's body art is an extreme example, less ambitious tattooing has gone mainstream. "Tattoos have certainly outgrown the bad reputation," according to a 2020 industry report.

"Body modification — including cranial shaping — was one of ... But artificial cranial modification has been practiced around the world. The oldest example from Asia dates to about 11,200 years ago, ...

Marius Gustavson, who led the extreme body modification ring, is one of six men appealing against the length of their sentences for their role in the enterprise (PA Media) ...