For several decades, a central puzzle in quantum physics has remained unsolved: Could electrons behave like a perfect, ...

It allows us to identify elements based on their atomic number, determine their reactivity based on the number of valence electrons, and understand how atoms come together to form molecules ...

The noble gases are the chemical elements in group 18 of the periodic table. They are the most stable due to having the maximum number of valence electrons their outer shell can hold. Therefore ...

Valence electrons, located in the outermost shell of an atom, play an important role in driving chemical reactions and forming bonds with other atoms.

The distribution of outermost shell electrons, known as valence electrons, of organic molecules was experimentally observed for the first time by a team led by Nagoya University in Japan.

The researchers made movies of the charge migration and electronic fluxes of valence electrons of benzene molecules. They observed that the flow of electrons was faster around the central carbon ...