What causes a paradoxically split second heart sound? A paradoxical split S2 heart sound occurs when the splitting is heard during expiration and disappears during inspiration, the opposite of the ...

Once your examination of the left lower sternal border is completed, move up to the left upper sternal border. Pulmonic valve murmurs and patent ductus arteriosus are loudest here, and it is the best ...

What causes a fixed split S2 heart sound? The second heart sound is produced by the closure of the aortic and pulmonic valves. The sound produced by the closure of the aortic valve is termed A2 and ...