Charlemagne’s long war against the Saxons was one of the most relentless conflicts of the early Middle Ages. The clash at ...

Explore December 4 history highlights: launch of The Observer, Arctic expedition Polaris, King Carloman's death, and the ...

In the turbulent centuries after Rome’s collapse, we look at how Charlemagne forged a military machine that became the backbone of his expanding empire. From reorganizing traditional levies into a ...

As he received the prestigious Charlemagne Prize Friday, Pope Francis laid out his vision for a renewed European continent in what could easily be his own version of Dr. Martin Luther King Jr.'s ...

Charlemagne is known as “the father of Europe,” and little wonder. The Frankish king and conqueror was crowned emperor by the pope on Christmas Day in 800, and thus the Holy Roman Empire came into ...

EUROPE CAME INTO the world as a political idea in the year 800, or so many historians have long argued. That was the moment when Charlemagne, the leader of the rising Carolingian dynasty, received the ...

TimesMachine is an exclusive benefit for home delivery and digital subscribers. About the Archive This is a digitized version of an article from The Times’s print archive, before the start of online ...